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The Nature of the Political System of the State

"A proposal for a democratic Syrian political system based on separation of powers, term limits, and institutional accountability to prevent authoritarianism".

13th Nov, 20124 mins
Dr. Zaher BaadaraniWriter

Our primary goal is to establish the pillars and foundations of the “State” through the free selection of officials, their accountability and oversight, judicial independence, separation of powers, and our pursuit for the state to act as a representative of the people, not a substitute for them, and to be responsible for public services and infrastructure.

We regard the presidency as a position that allows the president whoever they may be to govern the state, not control it, and to serve the people, not treat them as servants.
It is merely a temporary authorization and delegation from the people.

We believe it is necessary to limit the presidential term to five years, renewable only once, and to clearly and precisely restrict the powers of the President of the Republic.

We believe the modern Syrian crisis lies in the absence of limitations and constraints on presidential authority, which led to instability and enabled Hafez al-Assad and later his heir Bashar—to monopolize power in Syria.

We stress the necessity for Syrians to agree upon a firmly constructed political system that allows no ambiguity, preventing the repetition of current mistakes for future Syrian generations and shielding them from political unrest and its consequences.

We see the importance of activating the role of state institutions in a transparent, legal, and bureaucratic manner, without allowing any individual, group, or party to dominate them.

We emphasize the need to activate the role of sovereign political positions (other than the presidency) and to ensure their functionality, so that power is distributed among them in a complementary way that prevents monopolization.

We strive for the position of Prime Minister to be effective, influential, and central—not merely symbolic.

In this context, we advocate for the title and role of (Government Advisor), to be held by an independent figure with no party affiliation, who is subject to the rule of law and public oversight, away from domination by any party, group, or faction.

We seek to establish a real House of Representatives and an independent Parliament responsible for drafting and enacting legislation (based on binding consultation), elected through a free and transparent process according to carefully studied mechanisms.

We believe that one of the most essential pillars of the new political system is building a strong and independent judicial system that reinforces the rule of law and protects individual rights and freedoms.

This includes establishing a Higher Judicial Council that holds judicial authority and interacts with both legislative and executive powers, serving as a link between them, without being subject to internal or external pressures or security coercion that would undermine its purpose.

We believe in the need to establish a supreme oversight and accountability body that supervises and monitors all public and private sectors of the state, aiming to enhance transparency, combat corruption, and ensure good governance and accountability.

We believe the religious institution must first be rescued from political exploitation, then restructured.

We call for complete separation between the Ministry of Religious Endowments (Awqaf) and the General Fatwa Council, to prevent political interference and intelligence manipulation.

We stress the need to reinstate and activate the role of the Mufti and provincial Muftis across the Syrian Republic, covering the five recognized schools of thought, and to appoint Muftis for each governorate and city while respecting sectarian diversity and religious pluralism.

We believe in the value of theoretical thought and providing visions and ideas.
Thus, our project includes the creation of a Supreme Advisory Council of Wise Figures for the state, without executive, legislative, or judicial authority (as a form of non-binding advisory consultation), tasked with offering advice, monitoring shortcomings, building on strengths, and benefiting from the diversity of perspectives.

We believe in the independence of powers from one another, through the responsibility of the executive authority before the legislative authority, with the President of the Republic acting as the link between the two.

The judiciary shall remain the arbiter over all authorities and citizens, while the role of oversight remains to track, evaluate, and guide these authorities.

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