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Democracy

"A Syrian perspective on democracy as a peaceful mechanism to counter authoritarianism and uphold pluralism and political rights".

13th Nov, 20125 mins
Dr. Zaher BaadaraniWriter

In the aftermath of the Arab Spring—and its subsequent setbacks—terms such as “democracy” have become politically loaded and often misused. 

The ambiguity in interpreting these concepts, without considering their depth, has only added to the confusion. 

In Syria, the concept of democracy has suffered from two major distortions:

1. The Assad regime’s false claim of implementing democracy, which it used as a tool for deception.
2. The rejection or misuse of democracy by radical and extremist groups, particularly various strands of Salafism.

We see democracy as a path and an instrument for realizing the will of the people, standing in direct opposition to authoritarian regimes that claim superior awareness, insight, or divine mandate, while labeling the people as backward or unworthy of self-governance.

We believe democracy is a mechanism for resolving the tension between authority and the people. 

It affirms the people's responsibility for their own decisions, their inherent capacity to improve their circumstances, and their ability to regulate the relationships between different societal forces in pursuit of freedom and social stability.

We do not consider democracy to be a divine or religious legislation. 

Rather, it is the ongoing process of gauging public will and majority opinion through peaceful means.

In our view, democracy does not interfere with personal beliefs nor does it possess the authority to judge individual convictions. 


It is a non-violent, peaceful tool that allows people to express their political views, to persuade others through reason and shared interests, and to contribute constructively to society.

Democracy, to us, is a safeguard against minority dominance over the majority, while also ensuring that minorities have the space and opportunity to become a majority—through correcting their course, developing stronger platforms, and gaining public support.

We see democracy as an alternative to civil war and violent seizure of power. 
Through parliamentary elections, legitimacy can be gained by building an electoral base and winning decisive votes.

Democracy is a peaceful alternative to violence in shaping public opinion, enabling the expression of diverse viewpoints, and organizing political and social life through clear mechanisms.

Democracy applies not only to the legislative branch but equally to the executive and judicial branches, as all are legitimized through public acceptance—whether via elections or other peaceful means.

We believe democracy is the most evolved human system for balancing freedom and authority, while safeguarding against all forms of tyranny.

We regard democracy not as an ideology but as a mindset. 
It encompasses the family, the school, the community—and culminates in the state.

Democracy is not about replacing the tyranny of the minority with that of the majority. Rather, it is the outright rejection of all forms of authoritarianism, expressed through the approval of the majority while preserving the rights and freedoms of minorities—and granting them access to power through democratic means.

We do not see this “majority” as an identity-based concept. 
It is not fixed or ideological. 
Instead, it is a shifting, relative majority—formed around political ideas, practical interests, and socio-economic concerns, not religion, ethnicity, or gender.

As for democracy’s flaws—such as demagoguery, incitement, polarization, or vote-buying—we believe these can be corrected through the democratic process itself, as people grow more aware of their collective interests.

The success of democracy, in our view, depends on access to information, transparency, and the elevation of public education and awareness.

We urge those who reject democracy to reconsider it carefully. 
Democracy is the most effective, realistic, and beneficial safeguard even for those who fear ideological encroachment. 
Liberal democracy ensures that the majority holds power while guaranteeing the minority’s right to express their views and pursue power through peaceful means.

A sound democracy does not oppose religion. 

Rather, it protects it—along with its diverse schools of thought and multiple paths.

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